CHAPTER NINE
"Patriotism is
not enough. But neither is anything
else. Science is not enough, religion is
not enough, art is not enough, politics and economics are not enough, nor is
love, nor is duty, nor is action however disinterested, nor, however sublime,
is contemplation. Nothing short of
everything will really do."
"Attention!"
shouted a far-away bird.
Will looked at his
watch. Five to twelve. He closed his Notes on What's
What and picking up the bamboo alpenstock which had once belonged to Dugald MacPhail, he set out to
keep his appointment with Vijaya and Dr Robert. By the short cut the main building of the
Experimental Station was less than a quarter of a mile from Dr Robert's
bungalow. But the day was oppressively
hot, and there were two flights of steps to be negotiated. For a convalescent with his right leg in a
splint, it was a considerable journey.
Slowly, painfully, Will
made his way along the winding path and up the steps. At the top of the second flight he halted to
take breath and mop his forehead; then keeping close to the wall, where there
was still a narrow strip of shade, he moved on towards a signboard marked
LABORATORY.
The door beneath the
board was ajar; he pushed it open and found himself on the threshold of a long,
high-ceilinged room. There were the
usual sinks and work tables, the usual glass-fronted cabinets full of bottles
and equipment, the usual smells of chemicals and caged mice. For the first moment Will was under the
impression that the room was untenanted, but no - almost hidden from view by a
bookcase that projected at right angles from the wall, young Murugan was seated at a table, intently reading. As quietly as he could - for it was always
amusing to take people by surprise - Will advanced into the room. The whirring of an electric fan covered the
sound of his approach, and it was not until he was within a few feet of the
bookcase that Murugan became aware of his
presence. The boy started guiltily,
shoved his book with panic haste into a leather briefcase and, reaching for
another, smaller volume that lay open on the table beside the briefcase, drew
it within reading range. Only then did
he turn to face the intruder.
Will gave him a
reassuring smile. "It's only
me."
The look of angry
defiance gave place, on the boy's face, to one of relief.
"I thought it was
..." He broke
off, leaving the sentence unfinished.
"You thought it
was someone who would bawl you out for not doing what you're supposed to do -
is that it?"
Murugan
grinned and nodded his curly head.
"Where's everyone
else?" Will asked.
"They're out in
the fields - pruning and pollinating or something." His tone was contemptuous.
"And so, the cats
being away, the mouse duly played. What
were you studying so passionately?"
With innocent
disingenuousness, Murugan held up the book he was now
pretending to read. "It's called
'Elementary Ecology'," he said.
"So I see,"
said Will. "But what I asked you
was what were you reading?"
"Oh
that." Murugan
shrugged his shoulders. "You
wouldn't be interested."
"I'm interested in
everything that anyone tries to hide," Will assured
him. "Was it pornography?"
Murugan
dropped his play-acting and looked genuinely offended. "Who do you take me for?"
Will was on the point
of saying that he took him for an average boy, but checked himself. To Colonel Dipa's
pretty young friend, 'average boy' might sound like an insult or innuendo. Instead he bowed with mock politeness. "I beg your Majesty's pardon," he
said. "But I'm still curious,"
he added in another tone. "May
I?" He laid a hand on the bulging
briefcase.
Murugan
hesitated for a moment, then forced a laugh. "Go ahead."
"What a
tome!" Will pulled the ponderous
volume out of the bag and laid it on the table.
"Sears, Roebuck, and Co., Spring
and Summer Catalog," he read aloud.
"It's last year's," said Murugan
apologetically. "But I don't
suppose there's been much change since then."
"There," Will
assured him, "you're mistaken. If
the styles weren't completely changed every year, there'd be no reason for
buying new things before the old ones are worn out. You don't understand the first principles of
modern consumerism." He opened at
random. "'Soft
Platform Wedgies in Wide Widths.'"
Opened at another place and found the description and image of a
Whisper-Pink bra in Dacron and Pima Cotton.
Turned the page and here, momento mori, was what the bra-buyer would be wearing twenty
years later - a Strap-Controlled Front, Cupped to Support Pendulous Abdomen.
"It doesn't get
really interesting," said Murugan, "until
near the end of the book. It has thirteen
hundred and fifty-eight pages," he added parenthetically. "Imagine! Thirteen hundred and
fifty-eight!"
Will skipped the next
hundred and fifty pages.
"Ah, this is more
like it," he said. "'Our Famous 22 Revolvers and Automatics.'" And here, a little further on, were the Fibre
Glass Boats, here were the High Thrust Inboard Engines, here was a 12 h.p. Outboard for only $234.95 -
and the Fuel Tank was included.
"That's extraordinarily generous!"
But Murugan,
it was evident, was no sailor. Taking
the book, he leafed impatiently through a score of additional pages.
"Look at this
Italian Style Motor Scooter!" And
while Will looked, Murugan read aloud. "'This sleek Speedster
gives up to 110 Miles per Gallon of Fuel.' Just imagine!" His normally sulky face was glowing with
enthusiasm. "And you can get up to
sixty miles per gallon even on this 14.5 h.p. Motor
Cycle. And it's guaranteed to do
seventy-five miles an hour - guaranteed!"
"Remarkable!"
said Will. Then, curiously, "Did
somebody in
Murugan
shook his head. "Colonel Dipa gave it to me."
"Colonel Dipa?" What an
odd kind of present from Hadrian to Antinous! He looked again at the picture of the
motorbike, then back at Murugan's glowing face. Light dawned; the Colonel's purpose revealed
itself. The serpent tempted me and I
did eat. The tree in the midst of
the garden was called the Tree of Consumer Goods, and to the inhabitants of
every underdeveloped Eden , the tiniest taste of its fruit, and even the sight
of its thirteen hundred and fifty-eight leaves, had power to bring the shameful
knowledge that, industrially speaking, they were stark naked. The future Raja of Pala
was being made to realize that he was no more than the untrousered
ruler of a tribe of savages.
"You ought,"
Will said aloud, "to import a million of these catalogues and distribute
them - gratis, of course, like contraceptives - to all your subjects."
"What
for?"
"To
wet their appetite for possessions.
Then they'll start clamouring for Progress - oil wells, armaments, Joe Aldehyde, Soviet technicians."
Murugan
frowned and shook his head. "It
wouldn't work."
"You
mean, they wouldn't be tempted?
Not even by sleek Speedsters and Whisper-Pink Bras? But that's incredible!"
"It may be
incredible," said Murugan bitterly; "but
it's a fact. They're just not
interested."
"Not even the
young ones?"
"I'd say
especially the young ones."
Will Farnaby pricked up his ears. This lack of interest was profoundly
interesting. "Can you guess
why?" he asked.
"I don't
guess," the boy answered. "I
know." And as though he had
suddenly decided to stage a parody of his mother, he began to speak in a tone
of righteous indignation that was absurdly out of keeping with his age and appearance. "To begin with, they're much too busy
with ...” He hesitated, then the abhorred word was
hissed out with a disgustful emphasis. "With sex."
"But everybody's
busy with sex. Which
doesn't keep them from whoring after sleek speedsters."
"Sex is different
here," Murugan insisted.
"Because
of the yoga of love?" Will asked, remembering the little nurse's
rapturous face.
The boy nodded. They've got something that makes them think
they're perfectly happy, and they don't want anything else."
"What a blessed
state!"
"There's nothing
blessed about it," Murugan snapped. "It's just stupid and disgusting. No progress, only sex, sex, sex. And of course that beastly dope they're all
given."
"Dope?"
Will repeated in some astonishment. Dope
in a place where Susila had said there were no
addicts? "What kind of dope?"
"It's made out of
toadstools. Toadstools!" He spoke in a comical caricature of the Rani's most vibrant tone of outraged spirituality.
"Those
lovely red toadstools that gnomes used to sit on?"
"No, these are
yellow. People used to go out and
collect them in the mountains. Nowadays
the things are grown in special fungus beds at the High Altitude Experimental
Station. Scientifically
cultivated dope. Pretty, isn't
it?"
A door slammed and
there was a sound of voices, of footsteps approaching along a corridor. Abruptly, the indignant spirit of the Rani took flight, and Murugan was
once again the conscience-stricken schoolboy furtively trying to cover up his
delinquencies. In a trice 'Elementary
Ecology' had taken the place of Sears Roebuck, and the suspiciously bulging
briefcase was under the table. A moment
later, stripped to the waist and shining like oiled bronze with the sweat of
labour in the noonday sun, Vijaya came striding into
the room. Behind him came Dr
Robert. With the air of a model student
interrupted in the midst of his reading by trespassers from the frivolous
outside world, Murugan looked his from his book. Amused, Will threw himself at once
wholeheartedly into the part that had been assigned to him.
"It was I who got
here too early," he said in response to Vijaya's
apologies for their being so late. "With the result that our young friend here hasn't been able
to get on with the lessons. We've
been talking our heads off."
"What
about?" Dr Robert asked.
"Everything. Cabbages, kings, motor
scooters, pendulous abdomens. And
when you came in, we'd just embarked on toadstools. Murugan was telling
me about the fungi that are used here as a source of dope."
"What's in a
name?" said Dr Robert with a laugh.
"Answer, practically everything. Having had the misfortune to be brought up in
"What does His
Highness say to that?" Will asked.
Murugan
shook his head. "All it gives you
is a lot of illusions," he muttered.
"Why should I go out of my way to be made a fool of?"
"Why indeed?"
said Vijaya with good-humoured irony. "Seeing that, in your normal condition,
you alone of the human race are never made a fool of and never have illusions
about anything!"
"I never said
that," Murugan protested. "All I mean is
that I don't want any of your false samadhi."
"How do you know
it's false?" Dr Robert inquired.
"Because the real
thing only comes to people after years and years of meditation and tapas and ... well, you know - not going with
women."
"Murugan," Vijaya explained
to Will, "is one of the Puritans.
He's outraged by the fact that, with four hundred milligrammes
of moksha-medicine in their blood systems,
even beginners - yes, and even boys and girls who make love together - can
catch a glimpse of the world as it looks to someone who has been liberated from
his bondage to the ego."
"But it isn't
real," Murugan insisted.
"Not real!"
Dr Robert repeated. "You might as
well say that the experience of feeling well isn't real."
"You're begging
the question," Will objected. "An experience can be real in relation
to something going on inside your skull, but completely irrelevant to anything
outside."
"Of course,"
Dr Robert agreed.
"Do you know what
goes on inside your skull, when you've taken a dose of the mushroom?"
"We know a
little."
"And we're trying
all the time to find out more," Vijaya added.
"For
example," said Dr Robert, "we've found that the people whose EEG
doesn't show any alpha-wave activity when they're relaxed, aren't likely to
respond significantly to the moksha-medicine. That means that, for about fifteen per cent
of the population, we have to find other approaches to liberation."
"Another thing
we're just beginning to understand," said Vijaya,
"is the neurological correlate of these experiences. What's happening in the brain when you're
having a vision? And what's happening
when you pass from a pre-mystical to a genuinely mystical state of mind?"
"Do you
know?" Will asked.
"'Know' is a big
word. Let's say we're in a position to
make some plausible guesses. Angels and
New Jerusalems and Madonnas
and Future Buddhas - they're all related to some kind
of unusual stimulation of the brain areas of primary projection - the visual
cortex, for example. Just how the moksha-medicine produces those unusual
stimuli we haven't yet found out. The
important fact is that, somehow or other, it also does something unusual to the
silent areas of the brain, the areas not specifically concerned with
perceiving, or moving, or feeling."
"And how do the
silent areas respond?" Will inquired.
"Let's start with
what they don't respond with.
They don't respond with visions or auditions, they don't respond with telepathy
or clairvoyance or any kind of parapsychological
performance. None of that amusing
pre-mystical stuff. Their response is
the full-blown mystical experience. You
know - One in all and All in one. The basic experience with
its corollaries - boundless compassion, fathomless mystery, and meaning."
"Not to mention
joy," said Dr Robert, "inexpressible joy."
"And the whole
caboodle is inside your skull," said Will.
"Strictly private. No reference to any external fact except a
toadstool."
"Not real," Murugan chimed in.
That's exactly what I was trying to say."
"You're
assuming," said Dr Robert, "that the brain produces
consciousness. I'm assuming that it
transmits consciousness. And my
explanation is no more far-fetched than yours.
How on earth can a set of events belonging to one order be experienced
as a set of events belonging to an entirely different and incommensurable
order? Nobody has the faintest
idea. All one can do is to accept the
facts and concoct hypotheses. And one
hypothesis is just about as good, philosophically speaking, as another. You say that the moksha-medicine
does something to the silent areas of the brain which causes them to produce a
set of subjective events to which people have given the name 'mystical
experience'. I say that the moksha-medicine does something to the silent areas
of the brain which opens some kind of neurological sluice and so allows a
larger volume of Mind with a large 'M' to flow into your mind with a small
'm'. You can't demonstrate the truth of
your hypothesis, and I can't demonstrate the truth of mine. And even if you could prove that I'm wrong,
would it make any practical difference?"
"I'd have thought
it would make all the difference," said Will.
"Do you like
music?" Dr Robert asked.
"More
than most things."
"And what, may I
ask, does Mozart's G Minor Quintet refer to?
Does it refer to Allah? Or Tao? Or the second person of the Trinity? Or the Atman-Brahman?"
Will laughed. "Let's hope not."
"But that doesn't
make the experience of the G Minor Quintet any less rewarding. Well, it's the same with the kind of
experience that you get with the moksha-medicine,
or through prayer and fasting and spiritual exercises. Even if it doesn't refer to anything outside
itself, it's still the most important thing that ever happened to you. Like music, only incomparably more so. And if you give the experience a chance, if
you're prepared to go along with it, the results are incomparably more
therapeutic and transforming. So maybe
the whole thing does happen inside one's skull.
Maybe it is private and there's no unitive
knowledge of anything but one's own physiology.
Who cares? The fact
remains that the experience can open one's eyes and make one blessed and
transform one's whole life." There
was a long silence. "Let me tell
you something," he resumed, turning to Murugan. "Something I hadn't intended to talk
about to anybody. But now I feel that
perhaps I have a duty, a duty to the throne, a duty to Pala
and all its people - an obligation to tell you about
this very private experience. Perhaps
the telling may help you to be a little more understanding about your country
and its ways." He was silent for a
moment; then in a quietly matter-of-fact tone, "I suppose you know my
wife," he went on.
His face still averted,
Murugan nodded.
"I was sorry," he mumbled, "to hear that she was so
ill."
"It's a matter of
a few days now," said Dr Robert. "Four or five at the most. But she's still perfectly lucid, perfectly
conscious of what's happening to her.
Yesterday she asked me if we could take the moksha-medicine
together. We'd taken it together,"
he added parenthetically, "once or twice each year for the last
thirty-seven years - ever since we decided to get married. And now once more - for the last time, the
last, last time. There was a risk
involved, because of the damage to the liver.
But we decided it was a risk worth taking. And as it turned out, we were right. The moksha-medicine
- the dope, as you prefer to call it - hardly upset her at all. All that happened to her was the mental
transformation."
He was silent, and Will
suddenly became aware of the squeak and scrabble of caged rats and, through the
open window, the babel of tropical life and the call
of a distant myrah-bird. "Here and now, boys. Here and now ..."
"You're like that mynah," said Dr Robert at last, "trained to
repeat words you don't understand or know the reason for, 'It isn't real, it isn't real.' But if you'd experienced what Lakshmi and I went through yesterday, you'd know
better. You'd know it was much more real
than what you call reality. More real
than what you're thinking and feeling at this moment. More real than the world
before your eyes. But not real
is what you've been taught to say. Not
real, not real." Dr Robert laid a hand affectionately on the
boy's shoulder. "You've been told
that we're just a set of self-indulgent dope-takers, wallowing in illusions and
false samadhis. Listen, Murugan
-forget all the bad language that's been pumped into you. Forget it at least to the point of making a
single experiment. Take four hundred milligrammes of moksha-medicine
and find out for yourself what it does, what it can tell you about your own
nature, about this strange world you've got to live in, suffer in, and finally
die in. Yes, even you will have to die
one day - maybe fifty years from now, maybe tomorrow. Who knows?
But it's going to happen, and one's a fool if one doesn't prepare for
it." He turned to Will. "Would you like to come along while we
take our shower and get into some clothes?"
Without waiting for an
answer, he walked out through the door that led into the central corridor of
the long building. Will picked up his
bamboo staff and, accompanied by Vijaya, followed him
out of the room.
"Do you suppose
that made any impression on Murugan?" he asked Vijaya when the door had closed behind them.
Vijaya
shrugged his shoulders. "I doubt
it."
"What with his
mother," said Will, "and his passion for internal combustion engines,
he's probably impervious to anything you people can say. You should have heard him on the subject of
motor scooters!"
"We have heard
him," said Dr Robert, who had halted in front of a blue door and was
waiting for them to come up with him. "Frequently.
When he comes of age, scooters are going to become a major political
issue."
Vijaya
laughed. "To scoot or not to scoot,
that is the question."
"And it isn't only
in Pala that it's the question," Dr Robert
added. "It's the question that
every underdeveloped country has to answer one way or the other."
"And the
answer," said Will, "is always the same. Wherever I've been - and I've been almost
everywhere - they've opted wholeheartedly for scooting. All of them."
"Without
exception," Vijaya agreed. "Scooting for scooting's
sake, and to hell with all considerations of fulfilment, self-knowledge,
liberation. Not to mention common or
garden health or happiness."
"Whereas we," said Dr Robert, "have always chosen to
adapt our economy and technology to human beings - not our human beings to
someone else's economy and technology.
We import what we can't make; but we make and import only what we can
afford. And what we can afford is
limited not merely by our supply of pounds and marks and dollars, but also and
primarily - primarily," he insisted - "by our wish to be
happy, our ambition to become fully human.
Scooters, we've decided after carefully looking into the matter, are
among the things - the very numerous things - we simply can't afford. Which is something that poor little Murugan will have to learn the hard way - seeing that he
hasn't learned, and doesn't want to learn, the easy way."
"Which is the easy
way?" Will asked.
"Education
and reality-revealers. Murugan has had neither.
Or rather he's had the opposite of both.
He's had miseducation in
"But his subjects,
I gather, do not."
"Why should
they? They've been taught from infancy
to be fully aware of the world, and to enjoy their awareness. And, on top of that, they have been shown the
world and themselves and other peoples as these are illumined and transfigured
by reality-revealers. Which
helps them, of course, to have an intenser awareness
and more understanding enjoyment, so that the most ordinary things, the most
trivial events, are seen as jewels and miracles. Jewels and miracles," he repeated
emphatically. "So why should we
resort to scooters or whisky or television or Billy Graham or any other of your
distractions and compensations."
"'Nothing short of
everything will really do,'" Will quoted. "I see now what the Old Raja was talking
about. You can't be a good economist
unless you're also a good psychologist.
Or a good engineer without being the right kind of metaphysician."
"And don't forget
all the other sciences," said Dr Robert.
"Pharmacology, sociology, physiology, not to mention pure and
applied autology, neurotheology,
metachemistry, mycomysticism,
and the ultimate science," he added, looking away so as to be more alone
with his thoughts of Lakshmi in the hospital,
"the science that sooner or later we shall all have to be examined in - thanatology."
He was silent for a moment; then, in another tone, "Well, let's go
and get washed up," he said and, opening the blue door, led the way into a
long changing room with a row of showers and wash-basins at one end and, on the
opposite wall, tiers of lockers and a large hanging cupboard.
Will took a seat, and
while his companions lathered themselves at the basins, went on with their
conversation.
"Would it be
permissible?" he asked, "for a miseducated
alien to try and truth-and-beauty pill?"
The answer was another
question. "Is your liver in good
order?" Dr Robert inquired.
"Excellent."
"And you don't
seem to be more than mildly schizophrenic.
So I can't see any counter-indication."
"Then I can make
the experiment."
"Whenever
you like."
He stepped into the
nearest shower stall and turned on the water.
Vijaya followed suit.
"Aren't you
supposed to be intellectuals?" Will asked when the two men had emerged
again and were drying themselves.
"We do
intellectual work," Vijaya answered.
"Then
why all this horrible honest toil?"
"For a very simple
reason: this morning I had some spare time."
"So did I," said Dr Robert.
"So you went out
into the fields and did a Tolstoy act."
Vijaya
laughed. "You seem to imagine we do
it for ethical reasons."
"Don't you?"
"Certainly
not. I do muscular work, because
I have muscles; and if I don't use my muscles I shall become a bad-tempered
sitting-addict."
"With nothing
between the cortex and the buttocks," said Dr Robert. "Or rather with
everything - but in a condition of complete unconsciousness and toxic
stagnation. Western intellectuals
are all sitting-addicts. That's why most
of you are so repulsively unwholesome.
In the past even a duke had to do a lot of walking, even a money-lender,
even a metaphysician. And when they
weren't using their legs, they were jogging about on horses. Whereas now, from the
tycoon to his typist, from the logical positivist to the positive thinker, you
spend nine-tenths of your time on foam rubber. Spongy seats for spongy bottoms - at home, in
the office, in cars and bars, in planes and trains and buses. No moving of legs, no struggles with distance
and gravity - just lifts and planes and cars, just foam rubber and an eternity
of sitting. The life force that used to
find an outlet through striped muscle gets turned back on the viscera and the
nervous system, and slowly destroys them."
"So you take to
digging and delving as a form of therapy?"
"As
prevention - to make therapy unnecessary. In Pala even a
professor, even a government official generally puts in two hours of digging
and delving each day."
"As
part of his duties?"
"And
as part of his pleasure."
Will made
a grimace. "It wouldn't be part of
my pleasure."
"That's because you
weren't taught to use your mind-body in the right way," Vijaya explained.
"If you'd been shown how to do things with the minimum of strain
and the maximum of awareness, you'd enjoy even honest toil."
"I take it that
your children all get this kind of training."
"From the first
moment they start doing for themselves.
For example, what's the proper way of handling yourself while you're
buttoning your clothes?" And
suiting action to words, Vijaya started to button the
shirt he had just slipped into. "We
answer the question by actually putting their heads and bodies into the
physiologically best position. And we
encourage them at the same time to notice how it feels to be in the
physiologically best position, to be aware of what the process of doing up
buttons consists of in terms of touches and pressures and muscular
sensations. By the time they're fourteen
they've learned how to get the most and the best - objectively and subjectively
- out of any activity they may undertake.
And that's when we start them working.
Ninety minutes a day at some kind of manual job."
"Back
to good old child labour!"
"Or rather,"
said Dr Robert, "forward from bad new child-idleness. You don't allow your teenagers to work; so
they have to blow off steam in delinquency or else throttle down steam till
they're ready to become domesticated sitting-addicts. And now," he added, "it's time to be
going. I'll lead the way."
In the laboratory, when
they entered, Murugan was in the act of locking his
briefcase against all prying eyes.
"I'm ready," he said and, tucking the thirteen hundred and
fifty-eight pages of the Newest Testament under his arm, he followed them out
into the sunshine. A few minutes later,
crammed into an ancient jeep, the four of them were rolling along the road that
led, past the paddock of the white bull, past the lotus pool and the huge stone
Buddha, out through the gate of the Station Compound to the highway. "I'm sorry we can't provide more
comfortable transportation," said Vijaya as they
bumped and rattled along.
Will patted
Murugan's knee.
"This is the man you should be apologizing to," he said. "The one whose soul
yearns for Jaguars and Thunderbirds."
"It's a yearning,
I'm afraid," said Dr Robert from the back seat, "that will have to
remain unsatisfied."
Murugan
made no comment, but smiled the secret contemptuous smile of one who knows
better.
"We can't import
toys," Dr Robert went on. "Only essentials."
"Such
as?"
"You'll see in a
moment." They rounded a curve, and
there beneath them were the thatched roofs and tree-shaded gardens of a
considerable village. Vijaya pulled up at the side of the road and turned off the
motor. "You're looking at New Rothamsted," he said.
"Alias Medalia. Rice, vegetables, poultry,
fruit. Not to mention two
potteries and a furniture factory. Hence those wires."
He waved his hand in the direction of the long row of pylons that
climbed up the terraced slope behind the village, dipped out of sight over the
ridge, and reappeared, far away, marching up from the floor of the next valley
towards the green belt of mountain jungle and the cloudy peaks beyond and
above. "That's one of the
indispensable imports - electric equipment.
And when the waterfalls have been harnessed and you've strung up the
transmission lines, here's something else with a high priority." He directed a pointing finger at a windowless
block of houses near the upper entrance to the village.
"What is it?"
Will asked. "Some
kind of electric oven?"
"No, the kilns are
over on the other side of the village.
This is the communal freezer."
"In the old
days," Dr Robert explained, "we used to lose about half of all the
perishables we produced. Now we lose
practically nothing. Whatever we grow is
for us, not for the circumambient bacteria."
"So now you have
enough to eat."
"More
than enough. We eat better than
any other country in
"Incidentally,"
Will asked, "who owns all this? Are
you capitalists or state socialists?"
"Neither. Most of the time we're
co-operators. Palanese
agriculture has always been an affair of terracing and irrigation. But terracing and irrigation call for pooled
efforts and friendly agreements.
Cut-throat competition isn't compatible with rice-growing in a
mountainous country. Our people found it
quite easy to pass from mutual aid in a village community to streamlined
co-operative techniques for buying and selling and profit-sharing and
financing."
"Even
co-operative financing?"
Dr Robert nodded. "None of those
blood-sucking usurers that you find all over the Indian countryside. And no commercial banks in your Western
style. Our borrowing and lending system
was modelled on those credit unions that Wilhelm Raiffeisen
set up more than a century ago in
"And what do you
use for money?" Will asked.
Dr Robert dipped into
his trouser pocket and pulled out a handful of silver, gold, and copper.
"In a modest
way," he explained, "Pala's a
gold-producing country. We mine enough
to give our paper a solid metallic backing.
And the gold supplements our exports.
We can pay spot cash for expensive equipment like those transmission
lines and the generators at the other end."
"You seem to have
solved your economic problems pretty successfully."
"Solving them
wasn't difficult. To begin with, we
never allowed ourselves to produce more children than we could feed, clothe,
house, and educate into something like full humanity. Not being over-populated, we have
plenty. But although we have plenty,
we've managed to resist the temptation that the West has now succumbed to - the
temptation to over-consume. We don't
give ourselves coronaries by guzzling six times as much saturated fat as we
need. We don't hypnotize ourselves into
believing that two television sets will make us twice as happy as one
television set. And finally we don't
spend a quarter of the gross national product preparing for World War III or
even World War's baby brother, Local War MMMCCXXXIII. Armaments, universal debt, and planned
obsolescence - those are the three pillars of Western prosperity. If war, waste, and moneylenders were abolished,
you'd collapse. And while you people are
over-consuming, the rest of the world sinks more and more deeply into chronic
disaster. Ignorance, militarism, and
breeding, these three - and the greatest of these is
breeding. No hope, not the slightest
possibility, of solving the economic problem until that's under
control. As population rushes up,
prosperity goes down." He traced
the descending curve with an outstretched finger. "And as prosperity goes down, discontent
and rebellion" (the forefinger moved up again), "political
ruthlessness and one-party rule, nationalism and bellicosity begin to
rise. Another ten or fifteen years of
uninhibited breeding, and the whole world, from China to Peru via Africa and
the Middle East, will be fairly crawling with Great Leaders, all dedicated to
the suppression of freedom, all armed to the teeth by Russia or America or,
better still, by both at once, all waving flags, all screaming for Lebensraum."
"What about Pala?" Will asked.
"Will you be blessed with a Great Leader ten years from
now?"
"Not if we can
help it," Dr Robert answered.
"We've always done everything possible to make it very difficult
for our Great Leader to arise."
Out of the corner of
hiss eye Will saw that Murugan
was making a face of indignant and contemptuous disgust. In his fancy, Antinous
evidently saw himself as a Carlylean Hero. Will turned back to Dr Robert.
"Tell me how you
do it," he said.
"Well, to begin
with we don't fight wars or prepare for them.
Consequently we have no need for conscription, or military hierarchies,
or a unified command. Then there's our
economic system: it doesn't permit anybody to become more than four or five
times as rich as the average. That means
that we don't have any captains of industry or omnipotent financiers. Better still, we have no omnipotent
politicians or bureaucrats. Pala's a federation of self-governing units, economic units
- so there's plenty of scope for small-scale initiative and democratic leaders,
but no place for any kind of dictator at the head of a centralized
government. Another point: we have no
established church, and our religion stresses immediate experience and deplores
belief in unverifiable dogmas and the emotions which that belief inspires. So we're preserved from the plagues of popery
on the one hand and fundamentalist revivalism on the other. And along with transcendental experience we
systematically cultivate scepticism.
Discouraging children from taking words too seriously, teaching them to
analyse whatever they hear or read - this is an integral part of the school
curriculum. Result: the eloquent
rabble-rouser, like Hitler or our neighbour across the strait, Colonel Dipa, just doesn't have a chance here in Pala."
This was too much for Murugan. Unable to contain
himself, "But look at the energy Colonel Dipa
generates in his people," he burst out.
"Look at all the devotion and self-sacrifice! We don't have anything like that here."
"Thank God,"
said Dr Robert devoutly.
"Thank God," Vijaya echoed.
"But these things
are good," the boy protested.
"I admire them."
"I admire them
too," said Dr Robert. "Admire
them in the same way as I admire a typhoon.
Unfortunately that kind of energy and devotion and self-sacrifice happens
to be incompatible with liberty, not to mention reason and human decency. But decency, reason, and liberty are what Pala has been working for, even since the time of your
namesake, Murugan the Reformer."
From under his seat Vijaya pulled out a tin box and, lifting the lid,
distributed a first round of cheese and avocado sandwiches. "We'll have to eat as we go." He started the motor and with one hand, the
other being busy with his sandwich, swung the little car on to the road. "Tomorrow," he said to Will,
"I'll show you the sights of the village, and the still more remarkable
sight of my family eating their lunch.
Today we have an appointment in the mountains."
Near the entrance to
the village he turned the jeep into a side road that went winding steeply up
between terraced fields of rice and vegetables, interspersed with orchards and,
here and there, plantations of young trees destined, Dr Robert explained, to
supply the pulp mills of Shivapuram with their raw
material.
"How many papers
does Pala support?" Will inquired and was surprised
to learn that there was only one.
"Who enjoys the monopoly? The government? The party in power? The local Joe Aldehyde?"
"Nobody enjoys a
monopoly," Dr Robert assured him.
"There's a panel of editors representing half a dozen different
parties and interests. Each of them gets
his allotted space for comment and criticism.
The reader's in a position to compare their arguments and make up his
own mind. I remember how shocked I was,
the first time I read one of your big-circulation newspapers. The bias of the headlines,
the systematic one-sidedness of the reporting and the commentaries, the
catchwords and slogans instead of argument. No serious appeal to reason. Instead, a systematic effort to install
condition reflexes in the minds of the voters - and, for the rest, crime,
divorce, anecdotes, twaddle, anything to keep them distracted, anything to
prevent them from thinking."
The car climbed on, and
now they were on a ridge between two headlong descents with a tree-fringed lake
down at the bottom of a gorge to their left and, to the right, a broader valley
where, between two tree-shaded villages, like an incongruous piece of pure
geometry, sprawled a huge factory.
"Cement?"
Will questioned.
Dr Robert nodded. "One of the
indispensable industries. We
produce all we need and a surplus for export."
"And those
villages supply the man-power?"
"In the intervals
of agriculture and work in the forest and the sawmills."
"Does that kind of
part-time system work well?"
"It depends what
you mean by 'well'. It doesn't result in
maximum efficiency. But then in Pala maximum efficiency isn't the categorical imperative
that it is with you. You think first of
getting the biggest possible output in the shortest possible time. We think first of human beings and their
satisfactions. Changing jobs doesn't
make for the biggest output in the fewest days.
But most people like it better than doing one kind of job all their
lives. If it's a choice between
mechanical efficiency and human satisfaction, we choose satisfaction."
"When I was
twenty," Vijaya now volunteered, "I put in
four months at that cement plant - and after that ten
weeks making superphosphates and then six months in
the jungle, as a lumberjack."
"All
this ghastly honest toil!"
"Twenty years
earlier," said Dr Robert, "I did a stint at the copper smelters. After which I had a taste of the sea on a
fishing boat. Sampling all kinds of work
- it's part of everybody's education. One learns an enormous amount that way -
about things and skills and organizations, about all kinds of people and their
ways of thinking."
Will shook his
head. "I'd still rather get it out
of a book."
"But what you can
get out of a book is never it. At
bottom," Dr Robert added, "all of you are still Platonists. You worship the word and abhor matter!"
"Tell that to the
clergymen," said Will.
"They're always reproaching us with being crass materialists."
"Crass," Dr
Robert agreed, "but crass precisely because you're such inadequate
materialists. Abstract materialism -
that's what you profess. Whereas we make a point of being materialists concretely -
materialistic on the wordless levels of seeing and touching and smelling, of
tensed muscles and dirty hands.
Abstract materialism is as bad as abstract idealism,
it makes immediate spiritual experience almost impossible. Sampling different kinds of
work as concrete materialists is the first, indispensable step in our
education for concrete spirituality."
"But even the most
concrete materialism,” Vijaya qualified, "won't
get you very far unless you're fully conscious of what you're doing and
experiencing. You've got to be
completely aware of the bits of matter you're handling, the skills you're
practising, the people you're working with."
"Quite
right," said Dr Robert. "I
ought to have made it clear that concrete materialism is only the raw stuff of
a fully human life. It's through
awareness, complete and constant awareness, that we transform it into concrete
spirituality. Be fully aware of what
you're doing, and work becomes the yoga of work, play becomes the yoga of play,
everyday living becomes the yoga of everyday living."
Will thought of Ranga and the little nurse.
"And what about love?"
Dr Robert nodded. "That too. Awareness transfigures it, turns love-making
into the yoga of love-making."
Murugan
gave an imitation of his mother looking shocked.
"Psycho-physical
means to a transcendental end," said Vijaya,
raising his voice against the grinding screech of the low gear into which he
had just shifted, "that, primarily, is what all these yogas
are. But they're also something else, they're also devices for dealing with the problems of
power." He shifted back to a
quieter gear and lowered his voice to its normal tone. "The problems of power," he
repeated. "And they confront you on
every level of organization - every level, from national governments down to
nurseries and honeymooning couples. For
it isn't merely a question of making things hard for the Great Leaders. There are all the millions of small-scale
tyrants and persecutors, all the mute inglorious Hitlers,
the village Napoleons, the Calvins and Torquemadas of the family.
Not to mention all the brigands and bullies stupid enough to get
themselves labelled as criminals. How
does one harness the enormous power these people generate and set it to work in
some useful way - or at least prevent it from doing harm?"
"That's what I
want you to tell me," said Will.
"Where do you start?"
"We start
everywhere at once," Vijaya answered. "But since one can't say more than one
thing at a time, let's begin by talking about the anatomy and physiology of
power. Tell him about your biochemical
approach to the subject, Dr Robert."
"It started,"
said Dr Robert, "nearly forty years ago, while I was studying in
"The
boys who never grow up?" Will queried.
"'Never' is the
wrong word. In real life Peter Pan
always ends by growing up. He merely
grows up too late - grows up physiologically more slowly than he grows up in
terms of birthdays."
"What about girl
Peter Pans?"
"They're very
rare. But the boys are as common as
blackberries. You can expect one Peter
Pan among every five or six male children.
And among problem children, among the boys who can't read, won't learn,
don't get on with anyone, and finally turn to the more violent forms of
delinquency, seven out of ten turn out, if you take an X-ray of the bones of
the wrist, to be Peter Pans. The rest
are mostly Muscle People of one sort or another."
"I'm trying to
think," said Will, "of a good historical
example of a delinquent Peter Pan."
"You don't have to
go far afield.
The most recent, as well as the best and biggest, was Adolf Hitler."
"Hitler?" Murugan's tone was
one of shocked astonishment. Hitler was
evidently one of his heroes.
"Read the Führer's biography," said Dr Robert. "A Peter Pan if ever there was one. Hopeless at school. Incapable either of
completing or co-operating.
Envying all the normally successful boys - and, because he envied,
hating them and, to make himself feel better,
despising them as inferior beings. Then came the time for puberty. But Adolf was
sexually backward. Other boys made
advances to girls, and the girls responded.
Adolf was too shy, too uncertain of his
manhood. And all the time incapable of
steady work, at home in the compensatory Other World of his fancy. There, at the very least, he was Michelangelo. Here, unfortunately, he couldn't draw. His only gifts were hatred, low cunning, a
set of indefatigable vocal cords and a talent for non-stop talking at the top
of his voice from the depths of his Peter-Panic paranoia. Thirty or forty million deaths and heaven
knows how many billions of dollars - that was the price the world had to pay
for little Adolf's retarded maturation. Fortunately most of the boys who grow up too
slowly never get a chance of being more than minor delinquents. But even minor delinquents, if there are
enough of them, can exact a pretty stiff price.
That's why we try to nip them in the bud - or rather, since we're
dealing with Peter Pans, that's why we try to make their nipped buds open out
and grow."
"And do you
succeed?"
Dr Robert nodded. "It isn't hard. Particularly if you start
early enough. Between four and a
half and five all our children get a thorough examination. Blood tests, psychological tests, somatotyping; then we X-ray their
wrists and give them an EEG. All the
cute little Peter Pans are spotted without fail, and appropriate treatment is
started immediately. Within a year
practically all of them are perfectly normal.
A crop of potential failures and criminals, potential tyrants and
sadists, potential misanthropes and revolutionaries for revolution's sake, has
been transformed into a crop of useful citizens who can be governed adandena asatthena - without
punishment and without a sword. In your
part of the world, delinquency is still left to clergymen, social workers, and
the police. Non-stop
sermons and supportive therapy; prison sentences galore. With what results? The delinquency rate goes steadily up and
up. No wonder. Words about sibling rivalry and hell and the
personality of Jesus are no substitutes for biochemistry. A year in jail won't cure a Peter Pan of his
endocrine disbalance or help the ex-Peter Pan to get
rid of its psychological consequences.
For Peter-Pan delinquency what you need is early diagnosis and three
pink capsules a day before meals. Given
a tolerable environment, the result will be sweet reasonableness and a modicum
of the cardinal virtues within eighteen months.
Not to mention a fair chance, where before there hadn't been the
faintest possibility, of eventual prajnaparamita
and karuna, eventual wisdom and
compassion. And now get Vijaya to tell you about the Muscle People. As you may perhaps have observed, he's one of
them." Leaning forward, Dr Robert
thumped the giant's broad back. "Solid beef!"
And he added, "How lucky for us poor shrimps that the animal isn't
savage."
Vijaya
took one hand off the wheel, beat his chest and uttered a loud ferocious
roar. "Don't tease the
gorilla," he said, and laughed good-humouredly. Then, think of the other great
dictator," he said to Will, "think of Joseph Vissarionovich
Stalin. Hitler's the supreme example of
the delinquent Peter Pan. Stalin's the
supreme example of the delinquent Muscle Man.
Predestined, by his shape, to be an extrovert. Not one of your soft, round,
spill-the-beans extrovert who pine for indiscriminate togetherness. No - the trampling, driving
extrovert, the one who always feel impelled to Do Something and is never
inhibited by doubts or qualms, by sympathy or sensibility. In his will, Lenin advised his successors to
get rid of Stalin: the man was too fond of power and too apt to abuse it. But the advice came too late. Stalin was already so firmly entrenched that
he couldn't be ousted. Ten years later
his power was absolute. Trotsky had been
scotched; all his old friends had been bumped off. Now, like God among the choiring angels, he
was alone in a cosy little heaven peopled only by flatterers and yes-men. And all the time he was ruthlessly busy,
liquidating kulaks, organizing collectives, building an armament industry,
shifting reluctant millions from farm to factory. Working with a tenacity,
a lucid efficiency of which the German Peter Pan, with his apocalyptic phantasies and his fluctuating moods, was utterly
incapable. And in the last phase of the
War, compare Stalin's strategy with Hitler's.
Cool calculation pitted against compensatory day-dreams, clear-eyed
realism against the rhetorical nonsense that Hitler had finally talked himself
into believing. Two monsters, equal in
delinquency, but profoundly dissimilar in temperament, in unconscious
motivation, and finally in efficiency.
Peter Pans are wonderfully good at starting wars and revolutions; but it
takes Muscle Men to carry them through to a successful conclusion. Here's the jungle," Vijaya
added in another tone, waving a hand in the direction of a great cliff of trees
that seemed to block their further ascent.
A moment later they had
left the glare of the open hillside and had plunged into a narrow tunnel of
green twilight that zigzagged up between walls of tropical foliage. Creepers dangled from the over-arching
branches, and between the trunks of huge trees grew ferns and dark-leaved
rhododendrons with a dense profusion of shrubs and bushes that for Will, as he looked
about him, were namelessly unfamiliar.
The air was stiflingly damp and there was a hot, acrid smell of
luxuriant green growth and of that other kind of life which is decay. Muffled by the thick foliage, Will heard the
ringing of distant axes, the rhythmic screech of a saw. The road turned yet once more and suddenly
the green darkness of the tunnel gave place to sunshine. They had entered a clearing in the
forest. Tall and broad-shouldered, half
a dozen almost naked woodcutters were engaged in lopping the branches from a
newly felled tree. In the sunshine
hundreds of blue and amethyst butterflies chased one another, fluttering and
soaring in an endless random dance. Over
a fire at the further side of the clearing an old man was slowly stirring the
contents of an iron cauldron. Nearby a
small tame deer, fine-limbed and elegantly dappled, was quietly grazing.
"Old
friends," said Vijaya, and shouted something in Palanese. The
woodcutters shouted back and waved their hands.
Then the road swung sharply to the left and they were climbing again up
the green tunnel between the trees.
"Talk of Muscle
Men," said Will as they left the clearing.
"Those were really splendid specimens."
"That kind of
physique," said Vijaya, "is a standing temptation. And yet among all these men - and I've worked
with scores of them - I've never met a single bully, a single
potentially-dangerous power-lover."
"Which is just another way," Murugan
broke in contemptuously, "that nobody here has any ambition."
"What's the
explanation?" Will asked.
"Very simple, so
far as the Peter Pans are concerned.
They're never given a chance to work up an appetite for power. We cure them of their delinquency before it's
had time to develop. But the Muscle Men
are different. They're just as muscular
here, just as tramplingly extroverted, as they are
with you. So why don't they turn into Stalins or Dipas, or at least in
domestic tyrants? First of all, our
social arrangements offer them very few opportunities for bullying their
families, and our political arrangements make it practically impossible for
them to domineer on any larger scale.
Second, we train the Muscle Men to be aware and sensitive,
we teach them to enjoy the commonplaces of everyday existence. This means that they always have an
alternative - innumerable alternatives - to the pleasure of being the
boss. And finally we work directly on
the love of power and domination that goes with this kind of physique in almost
all its variations. We canalize this
love of power and we deflect it - turn it away from people and on to
things. We give them all kinds of
difficult tasks to perform - strenuous and violent tasks that exercise their
muscles and satisfy their craving for domination - but satisfy it at nobody's
expense and in ways that are either harmless or positively useful."
"So these splendid
creatures fell trees instead of felling people - is that it?"
"Precisely. And when they've had enough of the woods,
they can go to sea, or try their hands at mining, or take it easy, relatively speaking,
on the rice paddies."
Will Farnaby suddenly laughed.
"What's the
joke?"
"I was thinking of
my father. A little wood chopping might
have been the making of him - not to mention the salvation of his wretched
family. Unfortunately he was an English
gentleman. Wood chopping was out of the
question."
"Didn't he have any
physical outlet for his energies?"
Will shook his
head. "Besides being a
gentleman," he explained, "my father thought he was an
intellectual. But an intellectual
doesn't hunt or shoot or play golf; he just thinks and drinks. Apart from brandy, my father's only
amusements were bullying, auction bridge, and the theory of politics. He fancied himself as a twentieth-century
version of Lord Acton - the last, lonely philosopher of Liberalism. You should have heard him on the iniquities
of the modern omnipotent State! 'Power
corrupts. Absolute power corrupts
absolutely. Absolutely.' After which he down another
brandy and go back with renewed gusto to his favourite pastime - trampling on
his wife and children."
"And if Acton
himself didn't behave in that way," said Dr Robert, "it was merely
because he happened to be virtuous and intelligent. There was nothing in his theories to restrain
a delinquent Muscle Man or an untreated Peter Pan from trampling on anyone he
could get his feet on. That was
"Law," Will echoed. "I was
just going to ask you about law. Are you
completely swordless and punishmentless? Or do you still need judges and
policemen?"
"We still need
them," said Dr Robert. "But we
don't need nearly so many of them as you do.
In the first place, thanks to preventive medicine and preventive
education, we don't commit many crimes.
And in the second place most of the few crimes that are committed are
dealt with by the criminal's MAC. Group therapy within a community that has assumed group
responsibility for the delinquent.
And in difficult cases the group therapy is supplemented by medical
treatment and a course of moksha-medicine
experiences, directed by somebody with an exceptional degree of insight."
"So where do the
judges come in?"
"The judge listens
to the evidence, decides whether the accused person is innocent or guilty, and
if he's guilty, remands him to his MAC and, where it seems advisable, to the
local panel of medical and mycomystical experts. At stated intervals the experts and the MAC
report back to the judge. When the
reports are satisfactory, the case is closed."
"And if they're
never satisfactory?"
In the long run,"
said Dr Robert, "they always are."
There was a silence.
"Did you ever do
any rock climbing?" Vijaya suddenly asked.
Will laughed. "How do you think I came by my game
leg?"
"That was forced
climbing. Did you ever climb for
fun?"
"Enough,"
said Will, "to convince me that I wasn't much good at it."
Vijaya
glanced at Murugan.
"What about you, while you were in
The boy blushed deeply
and shook his head. "You can't do
any of those things he muttered, "if you have a
tendency to TB."
"What a
pity!" said Vijaya. "It would have
been so good for you."
Will asked, "Do
people do a lot of climbing in these mountains?"
"Climbing's an
integral part of the school curriculum."
"For
everybody?"
"A
little for everybody. With more
advanced rock work for the full-blown Muscle People - that's about one in
twelve of the boys and one in twenty-seven of the girls. We shall soon be seeing some youngsters
tackling their first post-elementary climb."
The green tunnel
widened, brightened, and suddenly they were out of the dripping forest on a
wide shelf of almost level ground, walled in on three sides by red rocks that
towered up two thousand feet and more into a succession of jagged crests and
isolated pinnacles. There was a freshness in the air and, as they passed from sunshine
into the shadow of a floating island of cumulus, it was almost cool. Dr Robert leaned forward and pointed, through
the windshield, at a group of white buildings on a little knoll near the centre
of the plateau.
"That's the High
Altitude Station," he said, "seven thousand feet up, with more than
five thousand acres of good flat land, where we can grow practically anything
that grows in southern
"Is this the place
we're bound for?" Will asked.
"No, we're going
higher." Dr Robert pointed to the
last outpost of the range, a ridge of dark red rock from which the land sloped
down on one side to the jungle, and, on the other, mounted precipitously
towards an unseen summit lost in the clouds.
"Up to the old Shiva temple where the pilgrims
used to come every spring and autumn equinox. It's one of my favourite places in the whole
island. When the children were small, we
used to go up there for picnics, Lakshmi and I,
almost every week. How
many years ago!" A note of
sadness had come into his voice. He
sighed and, leaning back in his seat, closed his eyes.
They turned off the
road that led to the High Altitude Station and began to climb again.
"Entering the
last, worst lap," said Vijaya. "Seven hairpin turns
and half a mile of unventilated tunnel."
He shifted into first
gear and conversation became impossible.
Ten minutes later they had arrived.